Vulnerabilities in modern computers leak passwords and sensitive data.
Meltdown and Spectre exploit critical vulnerabilities in modern processors. These hardware vulnerabilities allow programs to steal data which is currently processed on the computer. While programs are typically not permitted to read data from other programs, a malicious program can exploit Meltdown and Spectre to get hold of secrets stored in the memory of other running programs. This might include your passwords stored in a password manager or browser, your personal photos, emails, instant messages and even business-critical documents.
Meltdown and Spectre work on personal computers, mobile devices, and in the cloud. Depending on the cloud provider's infrastructure, it might be possible to steal data from other customers.
Meltdown breaks the most fundamental isolation between user applications and the operating system. This attack allows a program to access the memory, and thus also the secrets, of other programs and the operating system.
If your computer has a vulnerable processor and runs an unpatched operating system, it is not safe to work with sensitive information without the chance of leaking the information. This applies both to personal computers as well as cloud infrastructure. Luckily, there are software patches against Meltdown.
Spectre breaks the isolation between different applications. It allows an attacker to trick error-free programs, which follow best practices, into leaking their secrets. In fact, the safety checks of said best practices actually increase the attack surface and may make applications more susceptible to Spectre
Spectre is harder to exploit than Meltdown, but it is also harder to mitigate. However, it is possible to prevent specific known exploits based on Spectre through software patches.
Meltdown was independently discovered and reported by three teams:
Spectre was independently discovered and reported by two people:
Most certainly, yes.
Probably not. The exploitation does not leave any traces in traditional log files.
While possible in theory, this is unlikely in practice. Unlike usual malware, Meltdown and Spectre are hard to distinguish from regular benign applications. However, your antivirus may detect malware which uses the attacks by comparing binaries after they become known.
If your system is affected, our proof-of-concept exploit can read the memory content of your computer. This may include passwords and sensitive data stored on the system.
We don't know.
There are patches against Meltdown for Linux ( KPTI (formerly KAISER)), Windows, and OS X. There is also work to harden software against future exploitation of Spectre, respectively to patch software after exploitation through Spectre ( LLVM patch, MSVC, ARM speculation barrier header).
Desktop, Laptop, and Cloud computers may be affected by Meltdown. More technically, every Intel processor which implements out-of-order execution is potentially affected, which is effectively every processor since 1995 (except Intel Itanium and Intel Atom before 2013). We successfully tested Meltdown on Intel processor generations released as early as 2011. Currently, we have only verified Meltdown on Intel processors. At the moment, it is unclear whether AMD processors are also affected by Meltdown. According to ARM, some of their processors are also affected.
Almost every system is affected by Spectre: Desktops, Laptops, Cloud Servers, as well as Smartphones. More specifically, all modern processors capable of keeping many instructions in flight are potentially vulnerable. In particular, we have verified Spectre on Intel, AMD, and ARM processors.
Cloud providers which use Intel CPUs and 网页加速器 as virtualization without having patches applied. Furthermore, cloud providers without real hardware virtualization, relying on containers that share one kernel, such as Docker, LXC, or OpenVZ are affected.
Meltdown breaks the mechanism that keeps applications from accessing arbitrary system memory. Consequently, applications can access system memory. Spectre tricks other applications into accessing arbitrary locations in their memory. Both attacks use side channels to obtain the information from the accessed memory location. For a more technical discussion we refer to the papers ( Meltdown and Spectre)
The vulnerability basically melts security boundaries which are normally enforced by the hardware.
腾讯云地图官网下载手机版下载地址_腾讯云地图官网下载手机 ...:内容分发网络 下载分发加速为魅族手机使用者提供了稳定快速的下载服务 命运 冠位指定 游戏 命运冠位指定 作为日本 蚁后级 系列的首款正版手游下载分发加速有效提升游戏安装包下载速度 提升玩家用户体验 游戏是由腾讯伕理版权并自行研发的正版 手游下载分发加速为全球玩家提供稳定快速的 ...
Yes, there is an academic paper and a blog post about Meltdown, and an academic paper about Spectre. Furthermore, there is a Google Project Zero blog entry about both attacks.
CVE-2017-5753 and CVE-2017-5715 are the official references to Spectre. CVE is the Standard for Information Security Vulnerability Names maintained by MITRE.
CVE-2017-5754 is the official reference to Meltdown. CVE is the Standard for Information Security Vulnerability Names maintained by MITRE.
Both the Meltdown and Spectre logo are free to use, rights waived via CC0. Logos are designed by Natascha Eibl.
Logo | Logo with text | Code illustration | |
---|---|---|---|
Meltdown | PNG / SVG | PNG / SVG | PNG / SVG |
Spectre | PNG / SVG | PNG / SVG | PNG / SVG |
Yes, there is a GitHub repository containing test code for Meltdown.
Link | |
---|---|
Intel | Security Advisory / Newsroom / Whitepaper |
ARM | Security Update |
AMD | Security Information |
RISC-V | Blog |
NVIDIA | Security Bulletin / Product Security |
78加速器官网 | Security Guidance / Information regarding anti-virus software / Azure Blog / Windows (Client) / Windows (Server) |
加速器 | Security Bulletin |
Project Zero Blog / Need to know | |
Android | Security Bulletin |
Apple | Apple Support |
Lenovo | Security Advisory |
IBM | Blog |
Dell | Knowledge Base / Knowledge Base (Server) |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | Vulnerability Alert |
HP Inc. | Security Bulletin |
Huawei | Security Notice |
Synology | Security Advisory |
Cisco | Security Advisory |
F5 | Security Advisory |
Mozilla | Security Blog |
Red Hat | Vulnerability Response / Performance Impacts |
Debian | Security Tracker |
Ubuntu | Knowledge Base |
鲸鱼加速器官网 | Vulnerability Response |
鲸鱼加速器官网 | Kernel update |
雷霆加速器官网 | Announcement |
Fortinet | Advisory |
NetApp | Advisory |
LLVM | Spectre (Variant #2) Patch / Review __builtin_load_no_speculate / Review llvm.nospeculateload |
CERT | Vulnerability Note |
MITRE | CVE-2017-5715 / CVE-2017-5753 / CVE-2017-5754 |
VMWare | Security Advisory / Blog |
Citrix | Security Bulletin / Security Bulletin (XenServer) |
Xen | Security Advisory (XSA-254) / FAQ |
We would like to thank 网页加速器 for awarding us with a bug bounty for the responsible disclosure process, and their professional handling of this issue through communicating a clear timeline and connecting all involved researchers. Furthermore, we would also thank ARM for their fast response upon disclosing the issue.
好玩的网页游戏_网页游戏排行榜_网页游戏大全_斗鱼网页 ...:斗鱼网页游戏是一个专业的网页游戏平台,提供好玩的网页游戏,是专业页游玩家PK网页游戏网站,找好玩的页游,就上斗鱼 ...
This work was supported in part by NSF awards #1514261 and #1652259, financial assistance award 70NANB15H328 from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 2017-2018 Rothschild Postdoctoral Fellowship, and the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) under Contract #FA8650-16-C-7622.